基于嵌入式的肌力肌电测试软件系统的研究

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摘 要
由于目前我国残疾人士的数量非常大、人口的老龄化的问题也非常的严重，
在这两大群体中存在的肌肉功能障碍的比例也越来越大，肌肉功能障碍严重影
响了患者他们的生活质量，而且同时也给社会以及患者的家庭带来了巨大的经
济负担和心理负担。肌力肌电信号是反映肌肉功能的两个有效的指标。因此很
有必要研发一种肌力肌电信号测试仪。
随着嵌入式技术在生物医学工程领域的广泛运用，医疗设备也在朝着小型
化、便携式的趋势进行发展。本文目的是设计一款基于 ARM/Linux 的便携式的
肌力肌电测试仪，它实现了对肌力肌电信号进行实时的波形显示，从而为临床
医生在对诊断患者肌肉功能时提供一些更为客观的依据。
本论文主要的研究目的是基于嵌入式 Linux 系统开发出了一套便携式的肌
力肌电测试仪。在开发的过程中，自主研发了一套基于无线蓝牙传输的手持式
的测力计。搭建了嵌入式 Linux 系统开发平台，在软件设计过程中运用了 UML
对整个软件系统进行了模型的建立，描述了软件的设计过程。为了实现主控制
系统中的应用程序能够有效地与肌电信号采集模块进行通信，基于嵌入式系统
设计了 AD 驱动程序，完成了数据通信。并基于 Qt/Embedded 工具设计了应用
控制系统。该控制系统以用户控制界面为核心，使用 AD 驱动程序与肌电信号
采集模块通信，使用串口与手持式测力计通信，实现了对肌力信号、肌电信号
的实时采集与显示工作。
关键字：
Linux 系统 AD 驱动程序 手持式测力计 信号采集信号
显示 Qt/Embedded
ABSTRACT
Because the number of with disabilities is very large，the aging of the population
problem is very serious in China，in the presence of these two groups the proportion of
muscle dysfunction is also growing. Muscle dysfunction not only has a tremendous
impact on their quality of life，but also bring a huge financial burden and psychological
burden to the social and their family. The strength of muscle and EMG are the two
effective indicators to reflect muscle function. Therefore it is necessary to develop an
instrument to test the strength of muscle and the EMG.
With the increasingly growing maturity and extensive application of the embedded
technology in biomedical engineering, and the developmental trends of medical
equipment are small and portable. This paper developed an instrument based on
ARM/Linux to test the strength of muscle and the EMG. It can provide clinicians in the
diagnosis of patient with muscle function to provide some more objective basis by
displaying the waveforms of the strength of muscle and the EMG by real time.
The main content in this paper is to develop an instrument to test the strength of
muscle and the EMG based on the embedded Linux system. In the development process,
develop a set of Bluetooth wireless transmission of hand-held dynamometer by
ourselves. Build a development platform for embedded Linux systems. The system
model has built by UML, and expounds the software system analysis and design process.
To make the communication between the main control system and the EMG acquisition
model effectively, based on the Linux operating system to design AD driver, and based
on Qt/Embedded graphic development tools to design the scanner’s control system. It is
on the basis of graphical user interface, the control system used the designed AD driver
to communication with EMG acquisition module, used the serial ports to
communication with the hand-held dynamometer, it can acquisition the strength of
muscle and EMG, and can display their waves in real time.
Key Words: Linux Operating System, AD Driver, hand-held
dynamometer, Signal Acquisition, Signal Display, Qt/Embedded
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 ····················································································1
§1.1 选题背景 ··············································································· 1
§1.2 国内外研究现状 ········································································1
§1.3 研究意义 ·················································································2
§1.4 课题研究内容和任务 ··································································3
第二章 肌力肌电测试仪的系统构架 ························································ 5
§2.1 硬件构架 ··············································································· 5
§2.2 手持式测力计 ········································································· 6
§2.2.1 肌力功能传感器 ································································ 7
§2.2.2 信号调理和放大模块 ···························································7
§2.2.3 无线蓝牙模块 ··································································· 8
§2.2.4 手持式测力计肌力信号采集系统设计 ·····································9
§2.3 表面肌电采集模块与驱动程序设计 ··············································12
§2.3.1AD 驱动程序简介 ······························································ 13
§2.3.2 AD 设备驱动程序的实现 ···················································· 13
§2.3.2.1 AD 驱动程序流程图 ························································ 14
§2.3.2.2 设备文件访问接口 ························································· 14
§2.4 系统应用程序开发软件平台 ····················································· 15
§2.5 本章小结 ··············································································· 15
第三章 嵌入式 linux 系统构建 ································································ 16
§3.1 嵌入式操作系统 ·······································································16
§3.1.1 嵌入式操作系统综述 ························································· 16
§3.1.2 嵌入式 Linux 系统 ·····························································17
§3.2 构建开发环境 ·········································································· 18
§3.2.1 交叉编译环境 ··································································18
§3.2.2 宿主机的操作系统的安装 ·················································· 19
§3.2.3 串口终端的设置 ······························································ 20
§3.2.4 交叉编译环境的建立 ························································ 21
§3.2.5 内核裁减与编译 ······························································ 21
§3.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 22
第四章 嵌入式 GUI 开发环境的构建和移植 ·············································· 23
§4.1 嵌入式 GUI 概述 ······································································ 23
§4.1.1 MiniGUI ········································································· 23
§4.1.2 MicroWindows ··································································24
§4.1.3 Qt/Embedded ····································································25
§4.1.4 各种 GUI 比较与选择 ························································25
§4.2 Qt/Embedded 的内部通讯机制 ····················································· 25
§4.3 搭建 Qt/Embedded 开发环境 ·······················································26
§4.4 本章小结 ··············································································· 28
第五章 系统软件设计 ···········································································29
§5.1 系统需求分析 ········································································· 29
§5.1.1 系统需求 ········································································29
§5.1.1.1 功能需求 ····································································· 29
§5.1.1.2 接口需求 ····································································· 29
§5.1.1.3 资源要求 ····································································· 30
§5.1.2 需求分析 ········································································30
§5.1.2.1 UML 建模简介 ·······························································30
§5.1.2.2 系统用例图 ·································································· 31
§5.2 肌力肌电测试仪系统的软件结构 ·················································33
§5.3 肌力肌电测试仪应用系统的类图设计 ···········································34
§5.4 实现细节 ··············································································· 37
§5.4.1 肌力信号采集与显示 ························································ 39
§5.4.1.1 串口的初始化 ······························································· 39
§5.4.1.2 采集的实现 ·································································· 40
§5.4.1.3 显示的实现 ·································································· 41
§5.4.2 肌电信号采集与显示 ························································ 42
§5.5 本章小结 ··············································································· 44
第六章 结论与展望 ··············································································45
§6.1 结论 ····················································································· 45
§6.2 展望 ····················································································· 45
参考文献 ··························································································· 46
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ··································49
致 谢 ······························································································ 50
第一章 绪 论
1
第一章 绪 论
§1.1 选题背景
随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对健康的关注程度也越来越高，人们的生活
观念也同时发生了很多的转变，目前，人们将相当一部分的家庭收入用于健康保
健方面，随着人们生活结构和方式的不断变化，医疗器械以及医疗电子类测量设
备的使用也越来越普遍，医疗设备市场规模处在迅猛的增长的过程中。
在中国，据人民日报报道，截至 2009 年4月1日，我国各类残疾人总数为 8296
万人，占全国总人口的 6.34%[1]。中国是全世界人口最多的国家，它有着复杂的人
口结构，现阶段，人口老龄化的情况也越来越严重，据报道，我国老年人口已经
达到 1.4 亿。残疾人士和老龄化这两大群体，由于各种原因导致的有关肌肉功能不
全的残疾占有的比例也非常的大，肌肉功能不全严重影响了患者的生活质量，并
由此带给患者、家庭以及社会许多精神和经济上的负担[2]。因此很有必要研发用于
治疗和诊断肌肉功能障碍的相关仪器。国内外大量的临床试验表明，肌力信号和
表面肌电信号这两个信号是评估肌肉功能的两个重要的指标。因此肌力测试和肌
电测试是实现是非常有必要的，因为它们是进行评估肌肉功能的前提。
§1.2 国内外研究现状
在对患者进行诊断前，医生应该对患者进行肌力测试。肌力测试是测定受试
者在主动运动情况下受试者的肌肉或者肌肉群的收缩力量，肌力检查的主要功能
或目的有以下几个主要的方面：判断肌力下降及肌力低下的程度与范围；发现导
致肌力下降的原因；为临床上制订治疗、训练计划提供依据；定期检查神经肌肉
病损的恢复程度和速度，以检验治疗、训练的效果。因此肌力检查有助于诊断肌
肉、骨骼和神经系统的病损，尤其对评定周围神经病损所致的肌力低下十分重要，
在神经内科、神经外科、骨科、运动医学科及康复医学科等具有重要意义，特别
需要指出的是目前肌肉功能检查和评定是康复医学中最基本、最重要的内容之一。
表面肌电信号是从皮肤表面通过电极引导、放大、显示和记录下来的神经肌
肉系统时的生物电信号[3]，表面肌电信号与肌肉的活动状态和功能状态之间存在着
不同程度的联系，它在一定的程序上能够反映神经系统的肌肉的活动，在神经内
科、神经外科、骨科、运动医学科及康复医学科等具有重要意义，并且在采集患
者表面肌电信号时具有无创性，操作也非常的简单，病人也非常容易接受，在上
述的各个学科领域也使用的也越来越广泛，有着非常广泛的应用全景[4]。
人类在很早以前就了解到肌肉力量在人体功能中占有很重要的地位，并在康
复测试中将肌力测定作为一个重要的指标。对肌力测定也经历了个漫长的发展过
程，从简单的测定到完善的测定的过程。
基于嵌入式的肌力肌电测试软件系统的研究
2
1916 年Lovett 提出了一种用于肌力测定的方法手工肌力测定的方法（MMT），
在用 MMT 方法对肌力进行测定时有许多的优势，比如测定者不需使用特殊的工具,
并且操作非常简单,同时适用于测定不同种类的肌肉，但是 MMT 方法也有不少的
缺点，比如医生不能十分准确地对肌力进行分级,同时它也不能准确地对肌肉收缩
耐力的大小进行表示，使用这种方法进行肌肉功能评定时，很难排除操作者主观
评价的误差[5,6,7]。由于 MMT 存在了上述的缺点，医学界为了使肌力测定更具有客
观性，在这种形式下对肌力测定得到了逐步地发展，对肌力的测定也逐渐地发展
到更具客观性的定量测定，在这个过程中出现了等长肌力测定(isometric muscle
force testing)和等速肌力测定(isokinetic muscle force testing)[8]，目前这两种方法已经
在临床上广泛地被使用，并出现了许多的测定仪器。这些测定仪器可以较为客观
的评价患者的肌肉信息。
由于国内康复工程这一学科发展起步较晚，肌力测定这一学科也处于起步阶
段，临床上大多数都是使用 MMT 方法对肌力进行测定，这一方法的明显缺点在于
定量分级较粗略，并较难排除测试者主观评价的误差。而在国外，已经有一些比
较成熟的产品，如：
PowerTrack II，
COMPUTER INTERFACED MANUAL MUSCLE
TESTER，Tracker Freedom Wireless Muscle Testing，但是这些产品价格都比较的昂
贵，操作也比较的复杂，需要专门的人进行操作，因此很难推广到社区医院和家
庭用户，并且对于中国广大普通百姓来说，他们也难以承受如此大的负担。
综合国内外发展的状况可以很清楚的发现，在康复领域中，国内和国外具有
很大的差距。在康复仪器上，也表明了这一点。国外的康复仪器种类非常的大，
并且在临床上很大产品也得到了广泛的认可和推广，而国内的康复仪器种类非常
的少，而且在临床上也没有得到广泛的使用。
§1.3 研究意义
嵌入式应用软件是针对特定领域、基于相应嵌入式硬件平台，并能完成用户
预期功能的软件，有些需要嵌入式操作系统的支持，在简单的应用场合则无需专
门的操作系统[9]，这为嵌入式仪器带来了很大的方便。嵌入式系统具有便利灵活、
性能价格比高、嵌入性强等特点，可以嵌入到现有任何信息家电和工业控制系统
中。从软件角度来看，嵌入式系统具有不可修改性、系统所需配置要求较低、系
统专业性和实时性较强等特点。随着嵌入式技术的日益成熟及其在生物医学工程
领域的广泛应用，医疗器械正在向小型化、便携化发展。随着人们对生活质量水
平的要求越来越高，人们对治疗水平的要求相应的提高了。所以对肌力测试和肌
肉功能康复的 重视程度和治疗水平提高对医学的发展，社会负担的减轻和患者
生活质量的提高起到至关重要的作用。
摘要：

摘要由于目前我国残疾人士的数量非常大、人口的老龄化的问题也非常的严重，在这两大群体中存在的肌肉功能障碍的比例也越来越大，肌肉功能障碍严重影响了患者他们的生活质量，而且同时也给社会以及患者的家庭带来了巨大的经济负担和心理负担。肌力肌电信号是反映肌肉功能的两个有效的指标。因此很有必要研发一种肌力肌电信号测试仪。随着嵌入式技术在生物医学工程领域的广泛运用，医疗设备也在朝着小型化、便携式的趋势进行发展。本文目的是设计一款基于ARM/Linux的便携式的肌力肌电测试仪，它实现了对肌力肌电信号进行实时的波形显示，从而为临床医生在对诊断患者肌肉功能时提供一些更为客观的依据。本论文主要的研究目的是基于嵌入式L...

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作者：牛悦 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：52 页 大小：1.88MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-11-19

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