核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布

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摘要

高能核-核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布的研究是高能实验与理论物理研究

的重要课题之一, 人们通过高能实验收集的大量数据,为研究末态粒子的赝快度

分布以及分析末态产物—夸克-胶子等离子体(QGP)提供了依据.

本文给出了核子-核子碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布函数,采用核-核碰撞的

Glauber 模型,得出高能核-核碰撞中的平均参与者数、平均二元核子-核子碰撞数、

带头粒子数和旁观者数,在考虑能量损失、旁观者效应和带头粒子效应后,获得核-

核碰撞的末态带电粒子的赝快度分布方程, 与 PHOBOS 合作组

=200、130、

62.4 和19.6GeV 的Au+Au 碰撞和

=200、

62.4 和22.4GeV 的Cu+Cu 碰撞末态

带电粒子的赝快度分布的实验结果符合得很好.最后根据 Bjoken 提出的粒子的空

间位置和快度变量的关系,利用夸克-胶子等离子体(QGP)的流体动力学演化,我

们分析了高能核-核碰撞中产生粒子的初始能量密度与固有时的关系.本文主要有

六部分组成.

第一部分简单介绍研究高能核-核碰撞的末态带电粒子赝快度分布的意义和目

前几种理论研究模型,以及本文研究的内容.

第二部分根据核子-核子碰撞的实验图,考虑带头粒子效应,得到核子-核子碰

撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布.

第三部分利用 Glauber 模型计算出核-核碰撞过程中的平均参与者数、平均二

元核子-核子碰撞数、带头粒子数和旁观者数.

第四部分在前面部分的基础上,考虑能量损失、旁观者效应和带头粒子效应,

给出核 - 核碰撞的末态带电粒子的赝快度分布方程 , 与 PHOBOS 合作组

=200、130、62.4 和19.6GeV 的Au+Au 碰撞和

=200、62.4 和22.4GeV

的Cu+Cu 碰撞中末态带电粒子的赝快度分布的实验结果符合得很好.

第五部分估算高能核-核碰撞中产生粒子的初始能量密度,并对

=200GeV

的Au+Au 碰撞和 Cu+Cu 碰撞中产生粒子的初始能量密度值在固有时为

fm/c2.14.0 

时进行估算.

第六部分是整篇文章的总结和展望.

关键词:核子-核子碰撞 Glauber 模型参与者数带头粒子旁观者数

核-核碰撞赝快度分布初始能量密度

ABSTRACT

The research of the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in high energy

nucleus-nucleus collisions is one of the important subjects in the high energy

experiments and theoretical physics research. The data collected by people from

experiments provides the basis for researching the pseudorapidity distributions of

charged particles and analyzing the matters in the final state - Quark Gluon Plasma.

In this paper, the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in nucleon-nucleon

collisions are presented at the first, then, by using the Glauber model of nucleus-nucleus

collisions, we calculate the mean numbers of participants 、leading particles 、binary

nucleon-nucleon collisions and spectators. Considering the effects of energy loss 、

leading particles and spectators, we get the pseudorapidity distributions of charged

particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions, which are consistent with the experimental

observations of the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in Au+Au

collisions at

=200 、130 、62.4 and 19.6GeV,and in Cu+Cu collisions at

=200、62.4 and 22.4GeV made by the PHOBOS collaboration. Finally, based on

the relationship of space-time coordinate to rapidity distribution presented by Bjoken,

by using the hydrodynamics evolvement of quark-gluon plasma, we analyze the

relationship of the initial energy density and the initial production time. This paper is

formed by six parts.

First part, we briefly introduce the important meaning of studying the

pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in high energy heavy-ion collisions and

several theoretical models at present. The content of research will be discussed in the

paper.

Second part, based on the experimental diagrams of nucleon-nucleon collisions, we

get the pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in nucleon-nucleon collisions.

Third part, by using Glauber model, we calculate the mean numbers of

participants、binary nucleon-nucleon collisions 、leading particles and spectators.

Fourth part, based on the contents of frontal parts, Considering the effects of

energy loss、leading particles and spectators, we get the pseudorapidity distributions of

charged particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions, which are consistent with the

experimental observations of the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in

III

Au+Au collisions at

=200、130、62.4 and 19.6GeV,and in Cu+Cu collisions at

=200、62.4 and 22.4GeV made by the PHOBOS collaboration.

Fifth part, we estimate the initial energy density of produced particles in high

energy nucleus-nucleus collisions, and discuss the initial energy density of produced

particles in Au+Au collisions and Cu+Cu collisions at

=200GeV in the initial

production time region of

fm/c2.14.0 

In the finaly part, we give the summary and the expectation of this paper.

Key Word: nucleon-nucleon collisions, Glauber model, participants,

leading-particle, spectators, the number of nucleon-nucleon

collisions, nucleus- nucleus , pseudorapidity distributions,

initial energy density

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论................................................................................................................1

§1.1 高能重离子碰撞物理和重离子对撞机.....................................................1

§1.2 赝快度分布的研究意义.............................................................................1

§1.3 唯象理论模型.............................................................................................2

§1.3.1 袋模型(MIT 模型) .......................................................................... 2

§1.3.2 QM 势模型......................................................................................... 3

§1.3.3 弦模型.................................................................................................3

§1.3.4 部分子模型.........................................................................................3

§1.3.5“泡”或“壳”模型(SLAC 模型).....................................................4

§1.3.6 多链模型.............................................................................................4

§1.3.7 单源(火球)模型.................................................................................5

§1.3.8 双源(火球)模型.................................................................................5

§1.3.9 三源(火球)模型.................................................................................6

§1.3.10 多源模型...........................................................................................6

§1.3.11 热化柱模型和火条模型...................................................................7

§1.4 本文工作.....................................................................................................7

第二章核子-核子碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布................................................8

§2.1 概述.............................................................................................................8

§2.2 核子-核子碰撞末态粒子的赝快度分布...................................................8

§2.3 结论...........................................................................................................10

第三章高能核-核碰撞中的参与者数、带头粒子数、旁观者数和

平均二元核子-核子碰撞数..........................................................................11

§3.1 概述...........................................................................................................11

§3.2 高能核-核碰撞中的参与者数、带头粒子数和旁观者数.....................11

§3.3 高能核-核碰撞中的二元核子-核子碰撞数...........................................14

§3.4 结论...........................................................................................................16

第四章高能核-核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布..............................................17

§4.1 概述...........................................................................................................17

§4.2 核-核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布.................................................17

§4.2.1 二元核子-核子碰撞末态带电粒子的快度分布.............................18

§4.2.2 旁观者和带头粒子的快度分布.......................................................19

§4.2.3 核-核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布.........................................20

§4.3 结论...........................................................................................................25

第五章高能核-核碰撞与 QGP 的产生......................................................................26

§5.1 概述...........................................................................................................26

§5.2 核-核碰撞末态产生粒子的初始能量密度.............................................27

§5.3 结论...........................................................................................................31

第六章总结和展望....................................................................................................33

§6.1 总结...........................................................................................................33

§6.2 展望 ........................................................................................................33

参考文献......................................................................................................................35

在读期间公开发表的论文..........................................................................................39

致谢..............................................................................................................................40

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摘要：

I摘要高能核-核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布的研究是高能实验与理论物理研究的重要课题之一,人们通过高能实验收集的大量数据,为研究末态粒子的赝快度分布以及分析末态产物—夸克-胶子等离子体(QGP)提供了依据.本文给出了核子-核子碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布函数,采用核-核碰撞的Glauber模型,得出高能核-核碰撞中的平均参与者数、平均二元核子-核子碰撞数、带头粒子数和旁观者数,在考虑能量损失、旁观者效应和带头粒子效应后,获得核-核碰撞的末态带电粒子的赝快度分布方程,与PHOBOS合作组NNs=200、130、62.4和19.6GeV的Au+Au碰撞和NNs=200、62.4和22.4GeV的C...

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