劳动密集型中小企业融资模式研究

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摘要

中小企业，不像大企业资金技术密集，用人相对较少，而中小企业面宽量大，

又多为劳动密集型，是扩大就业的主要方面。因此中小企业融资问题，长期以来，

都受到经济界的高度重视，许多专家和学者作了相当多的探索和努力，取得了丰

硕的成果。但是近段时间中小企业融资出现了严重困境，大量企业生产经营难以

持续。那么我认为我们完全有必要研究中小企业的融资模式，以解决中小企业目

前的困境。

本文在引述一系列重大融资概念的基础上，通过选取不同地区的几组融资数

据，详细分析了造成目前中小企业融资困境的成因。同时本文引用了国内外的一

系列先进的融资模式。然后通过比较分析，总结出我国大部分地区劳动密集型中

小企业的融资模式。它应该是以企业联保为基础，以信用保证协会制度和融资辅

导中心为补充。这样既可以解决中小企业担保难的问题，还可以解决企业信用保

证的问题以及中小企业盲目贷款的问题。接着本文就该种融资模式的实施提供了

一些可供参考的策略。最后说明了该种模式的成功实施离不开当地政府的积极支

持和政策优惠。

在内容安排上本文分为六章。第一章，绪论，主要论述本文选题背景及研究

的意义，简单介绍了国内外研究现状以及研究的方法和内容；第二章，中小企业

融资概念综述，主要论述了中小企业融资的几个基本概念，包括交易费用、代理

人与委托人、不对称信息、道德风险、逆向选择，并简要介绍了企业融资的本质

及概念；第三章重点阐述了中小企业融资困境及成因；第四章抽取了国内外中小

企业的融资模式作比较，然后归纳出劳动密集型中小企业融资模式理论，；第五章

是实施策略研究,第四章与第五章为全文的重点；第六章为结论及需要进一步解决

的问题。

关键词：劳动密集型中小企业融资模式

ABSTRACT

The Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are different from the big

businesses. The big businesses are capital-and-technology-intensive and the

employment is relatively small. But there is a large quantity of the small and

medium-sized enterprises, most of which are labor-intensive and involve the breadth

and quantity; they are major aspects that expand employment. So ,the small and

medium-sized enterprises financing issue, long time until now, has been paid more

attention seriously in economic circles ．Many experts and the scholars have made quite

many explorations and effort, and they have made the substantial progress. But recently,

the SMEs are facing serious difficulties of financing, and many are difficult to sustain

their production and management. I think that it is absolutely necessary to study the

financing models for SMEs so that the financing difficulties could be solved.

Through quoting series of significant financing theory and selecting several groups

of financial data of different regions, in this article the reason will be analyzed in details

that small and medium-sized enterprises are facing financing issues. Meantime, this

paper refers to a series of advanced financing models from domestic and oversea. And

through comparison and analysis, it summarizes labor-intensive small and medium

enterprises financing models suitable for the most pats of China. It should be based on

joint guarantee of enterprises, supplemented by credit guarantee association system and

financing counseling. It can solve the difficult problem about guarantee of SMEs; also it solves

the problems of credit guarantee and blindness of financing of the SME.Then this paper provides

some reference strategy in relation to the implementation the financing model. Finally, it illustrates

that this model can not be successfully implemented without the local government's active supports

and preferential policies

This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter, the introduction, mainly

elaborates the background and the research significance of the paper topic. And it

briefly describes the present research situation of domestic and foreign and the research

method and the content. The second chapter is the summary of the SMEs’ financing. It

mainly describes several basic SMEs’ financing concepts, which are transaction cost,

agent and client, asymmetrical information, moral hazard, and adverse selection. It also

briefly introduces the essence of enterprise financing. The third chapter mainly

discusses the SMEs’ financing difficulties and the causes. The forth chapter selects

several domestic and foreign SMEs’ financing models for comparison, and concludes

the financing model theory for labor-intensive SMEs. The fifth chapter is the study of

the strategies of the implementation, the forth chapter with the fifth chapter are the key

points of the paper. The last chapter is the conclusion part which gives the remaining

problems which need to be further solved.

Key word ：Labor-intensive form ,Small and Medium-sized

Enterprises, Financing model

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 .................................................................................................................1

§1.1 问题背景及意义 .............................................................................................. 1

§1.1.1 问题背景 ...............................................................................................1

§1.1.2 研究意义 ...............................................................................................2

§1.2 国内外研究现状综述 ...................................................................................... 3

§1.2.1 国外研究现状 .......................................................................................3

§1.2.2 国内研究现状 .......................................................................................5

§1.3 研究的方法及内容 ...........................................................................................7

§1.3.1 研究的方法 ...........................................................................................7

§1.3.2 研究的内容 ...........................................................................................7

第二章中小企业融资相关理论 ...................................................................................9

§2.1 中小企业界定标准 .......................................................................................... 9

§2.2 中小企业融资的几个基本概念 .................................................................... 10

§2.2.1 交易费用 .............................................................................................10

§2.2.2 代理人与委托人 .................................................................................10

§2.2.3 不对称信息 .........................................................................................10

§2.2.4 道德风险 .............................................................................................11

§2.2.5 逆向选择 .............................................................................................11

§2.2.6 企业融资概念的界定 .........................................................................12

§2.3 中小企业融资方式的分类 ............................................................................ 13

§2.3.1 按照资金来源的方向分类 .................................................................13

§2.3.2 按照获得资金的渠道不同分类 .........................................................15

§2.3.3 按资金的产权关系角度分类 .............................................................17

§2.4 劳动密集型中小企业的概念及特点 ............................................................ 17

§2.4.1 劳动密集型中小企业的概念 .............................................................17

§2.4.2 劳动密集型中小企业总体运营特点 .................................................17

§2.5 劳动密集型中小企业融资原则 .................................................................... 22

§2.5.1 以需定筹 .............................................................................................22

§2.5.2 量力而行 .............................................................................................22

§2.5.3 低风险融资 .........................................................................................22

§2.5.4 低成本融资 .........................................................................................23

§2.5.5 企业融资的期限、时机要适当 .........................................................23

§2.5.6 企业融资要合法 .................................................................................23

§2.5.7 要有利于企业竞争能力的提高 .........................................................24

第三章劳动密集型中小企业融资现状及困境成因分析 ...........................................25

§3.1 中国劳动密集型中小企业融资现状分析 .................................................... 25

§3.1.1 不同规模国有及规模以上企业资金来源结构现状 .........................25

§3.1.2 四川省劳动密集型中小企业的资金来源结构现状 .........................25

§3.1.3 浙江、福建两省 600 家劳动密集型中小企业进行的问卷调查 .....26

§3.1.4 北京市、浙江温州、四川成都及广东顺德私营企业融资结构 .....26

§3.1.5 江苏省部分劳动密集型中小企业资金来源结构 .............................27

§3.1.6 中国中小企业融资概况 .....................................................................28

§3.2 融资困境成因分析 ........................................................................................ 28

§3.2.1 中小企业本身原因 .............................................................................29

§3.2.2 市场环境原因 .....................................................................................30

§3.2.3 中小企业融资政策的执行问题 .........................................................31

§3.2.4 中介机构与投资者方面存在的问题 .................................................33

第四章劳动密集型中小企业融资模式比较与选择 .................................................35

§4.1 国外融资模式介绍 ........................................................................................ 35

§4.1.1 美国中小企业融资模式 .....................................................................35

§4.1.2 日本的政府主导型中小企业融资模式 .............................................36

§4.1.3 我国台湾地区中小企业的融资辅导模式 .........................................37

§4.2 国内融资模式介绍 ........................................................................................ 39

§4.2.1 浙江温州民间借贷模式 .....................................................................39

§4.2.2 小额贷款公司 .....................................................................................40

§4.2.3 村镇银行 .............................................................................................40

§4.2.4 浙江余姚的“中小企业联保”贷款融资模式 ................................... 40

§4.3 劳动密集型中小企业融资模式比较与选择 ................................................ 44

§4.3.1 国内外融资模式比较 .........................................................................44

§4.3.2 我国劳动密集型中小企业融资模式 .................................................46

第五章我国劳动密集型中小企业融资模式实施策略 .............................................51

§5.1 规范企业内部管理 ........................................................................................ 51

§5.1.1 健全中小企业内部控制制度 .............................................................51

§5.1.2 避免或尽量降低信息不对称的区间 .................................................51

§5.1.3 明确企业战略定位 .............................................................................52

§5.1.4 注意人才培养和引进 .........................................................................52

§5.2 构建中小企业信息披露平台 ........................................................................ 52

§5.2.1 应该进一步建立健全中小企业信息披露体系 .................................52

§5.2.2 加强对中小企业信息披露的监管力度 .............................................52

§5.2.3 培育中小企业信用信息中介机构 .....................................................53

§5.3 政府制定有关优惠政策 ................................................................................ 53

§5.3.1 健全中小企业融资的法律法规 .........................................................53

§5.3.2 完善中小企业信用担保体系 .............................................................54

§5.4 改善外部市场环境 ........................................................................................ 54

§5.4.1 大力发展地方性商业银行 .................................................................54

§5.4.2 积极拓展中小企业直接融资渠道 .....................................................54

第六章结论 .............................................................................................................55

§6.1 研究结论 ........................................................................................................ 55

§6.2 需要进一步解决的方面 ................................................................................ 55

参考文献 .........................................................................................................................59

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .............................................61

致谢 .............................................................................................................................63

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摘要：

摘要中小企业，不像大企业资金技术密集，用人相对较少，而中小企业面宽量大，又多为劳动密集型，是扩大就业的主要方面。因此中小企业融资问题，长期以来，都受到经济界的高度重视，许多专家和学者作了相当多的探索和努力，取得了丰硕的成果。但是近段时间中小企业融资出现了严重困境，大量企业生产经营难以持续。那么我认为我们完全有必要研究中小企业的融资模式，以解决中小企业目前的困境。本文在引述一系列重大融资概念的基础上，通过选取不同地区的几组融资数据，详细分析了造成目前中小企业融资困境的成因。同时本文引用了国内外的一系列先进的融资模式。然后通过比较分析，总结出我国大部分地区劳动密集型中小企业的融资模式。它应该是以企...

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