理智还是情感？—《红楼梦》和《理智与情感》女主角的比较分析

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摘要

东西方的两部优秀现实主义文学作品《红楼梦》和《理智与情感》中塑造了

两种不同类型的女主角：以薛宝钗和埃莉诺·达什伍德为代表的理智型女性以及

以林黛玉和玛丽安·达什伍德为代表的情感型女性。作为同样优秀出色的女性，

理智型与情感型在性格倾向，思维模式，人生道路，乃至对当时及未来社会的影

响等方面却是截然不同的。而由于曹雪芹与简·奥斯丁在创作方面的现实主义，

其作品《红楼梦》和《理智与情感》中虚拟的人物却具有强烈的现实性。这两类

女性几乎可以涵盖现实中所有的女性类型，每一个女性都可以从中或多或少寻找

到自己的影子，具有参考研究价值。比较分析这两部作品的女主角，用女性主义

的观点来分析她们的本质，探索研究女性的发展出路具有可行性与可操作性。

本文从理智型女性与情感型女性在基本性格，为人处事，对待爱情的态度，

个人价值的体现，社会影响等五个方面对它们的不同点进行分析，得出以下结论：

前者关注个人感觉，后者追求实际利益；前者善于妥协迎合他人来赢得社会关系，

后者往往因为自我意识而损害社会关系；前者向往纯粹美好的爱情，后者向往体

面舒适的婚姻；前者追求个人价值的体现，后者追求社会主流意识的认可。归结

一句话：理智型女性旨在适应现存的男权社会，而情感型却或多或少，自觉与非

自觉的对现存的男权社会构成某种威胁。

当今中国社会重视女性的社会性，即女性保存家庭，社会的贡献，甚至包括

理智型女性所认同的男子中心主义，即女性自愿放弃自我价值的实现去帮助男性

实现他们的价值，成为男性的“职能型”伴侣。对女性个人价值的体现重视不够，

而女权主义归根到底是要实现女性的人权，包括满足女性个人的情感需求，体现

女性的个人价值。这与情感型女性保持自我人格，探索对人的自由价值的诉求不

谋而合，现代社会需要在认识到理智型女性价值的同时，肯定情感型女性的价值，

进而才能使女性怀有改造社会的勇气，坚持批判的意识与态度，培育独立的人

格与立场。

关键词：理智情感个人价值社会认同女性主义

Contents

English Abstract

中文摘要

Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1

1.1 Two Realistic Works .................................................................................... ….1

1.2 Literature Review .......................................................................................... 4

Chapter 2 Differences between the Two Types of Girls ......................................7

2.1 Character and Personality ............................................................................. 7

2.2 Social Intercourse .........................................................................................11

2.3 Love and Affection ......................................................................................... 18

2.3.1. Who They Love ................................................................................... 18

2.3.2 How Are Girls in Love ......................................................................... 21

Chapter 3 Influences of the Two Types of Girls ......................................................26

3.1. Individual Value .............................................................................................26

3.2. Obedience and Rebellion .............................................................................. 29

Chapter 4 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 33

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….....39

在读期间公开发表的论文……………………………………………………………41

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..42

Chapter One Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Two Realistic Works

In Cao Xueqin’s great work a Dream in Red Mansion, the two heroines Hsueeh

Pao-ch'ai and Lin Tai-yue have been causing endless disputes among critics and readers.

Being gorgeous and attractive girls, Hsueeh Pao-chai and Lin Tai-yue are as different as

can be, standing for two extremes in character and soul. In a word, they embody

sense and sensibility. Sense and Sensibility, a novel written by Jane Austen after about

half of a century since a Dream in Red Mansion came into the world , had been named

as Elinor and Marianne before it was published formally in 1811. But Jane Austen,

thinking that it is the contradiction of sense and sensibility that determines the whole

story’s plot as the topic of the novel, changes the novel’s name from Elinor and

Marianne to Sense and Sensibility.

Both of the books are of great realistic value for reference and research. A Dream

in Red Mansion is an encyclopedia of feudal society of China in the 18th century, nearly

covering all kinds of realms of the society including politics, economy, drinking and

food, Chinese Traditional medicine, poetry and essay, painting and art, clothes and

costume, play writing and acting performance, ritual ceremony and etiquette, etc. The

true life scenes in feudal aristocratic families are mirrored in a Dream in Red Mansion，

in which all characters, from the hero and heroine to someone even without certain

names, act in their own status social position. It is said that when Emperor Qian Long

has read the novel, he announces it as the story of Ming Zhu’s family, which is an

important point of view held by one researching section of a Dream in Red Mansion, in

whose opinion, a Dream in Red Mansion is not only a fictional story, but also depicts

important events of real history. (Ming Zhu was one of the most important ministers

during the rule of Emperor Kang Xi). The researching section referred above almost

came into the world as soon as great work A Dream in Red Mansion was written, and

there are kinds of unproved points of view about the origin of the a Dream in Red

Mansion’s plot among the member of the researching section such as: the story is Cao

Xueqin’s true life (at least based on Cao Xueqin’s experience), or describes events of

Mingzhu’s family. No matter whether these points of view are true or false, the very

emergence of that researching section is attributed to and reflects the great work’s

realism.

Cao Xueqin’s creation of female figures in a Dream in Red Mansion is original in

Sense or Sensibility?—A Comparison of the Heroines of A Dream in Red Mansion and Sense and

Sensibility

Chinese literature. Before the great novel comes into the world, there are vulgar females

who are glad to be dallied with by the male sex in The Forbidden Legend Sex &

Chopsticks; there are hard-hearted, soulless females such as Tsu Erniang and Gu Dasao

in Heroes of the Marshes; there are pitiful females who are disdained and persecuted by

the evil force of the society such as Liu Lanzhi and Du Shi’niang; there are females who

are brave to fight for their affection and happiness, such as Cun Yingying and Du

Li’niang. Cao Xue Qin creates lots of excellent beautiful girls with a heart of protection

and respect for the female sex, which is a proof of the greatness of Cao Xueqin as a man

of letters. Cao Xueqin makes a direct statement about the purpose of writing a Dream in

Red Mansion in the very beginning of the first chapter:

This is the opening section; this first chapter. Subsequent to the visions of

a dream which he had, on some previous occasion, experienced, the writer

personally relates, he designedly concealed the true circumstances, and

borrowed the attributes of perception and spirituality to relate this story of

the Record of the Stone.…Wearied with the drudgery experienced of late

in the world, the author speaking for himself, goes on to explain, with the

lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought

myself of the womankind of past ages. Passing one by one under a minute

scrutiny, I felt that in action and in lore, one and all were far above me;

that in spite of the majesty of my manliness, I could not, in point of fact,

compare with these characters of the gentle sex. ( 2)

It is a fresh and explosive thing in Chinese literature. Cao Xueqin spares no effort

to show beauty and talent of the female sex, express his compliments and laudation of

the female sex, and moreover, declare female’s superior position to male through his

hero Chia Pao-yue’s saying. Indeed, girls in Grand View Garden are outstanding of the

ordinary female characters in Chinese classic literature just because they are not only

beautiful and intelligent, but also have their own idea, will and sentiment. In a word,

they have independent personalities. Just as Cao Xueqin’s declaration, a Dream in Red

Mansion is written to record the outstanding females.

Sense and Sensibility was the first great novel that English readers had been

waited for since the year 1771 when the last work of the first novel flourish was

published. （the representative characters of the first novel flourish in England are

Defoe，Richardson, Fielding and Stern.）In Jane Austen’s time, there were two sorts of

Chapter One Introduction

novels which were rather popular among the common readers, though were not worthy

of considering in literary value. One is Gothic novel which is a genre of literature that

combines elements of both horror and romance, and the other is the sentimental novel

which celebrates the emotional and intellectual concepts of sentiment, sentimentalism,

and sensibility. Jane Austen expresses her mock at the Gothic novel, and even its readers

in Northanger Abbey through the heroine Catherine’s experience. In Sense and

Sensibility, there is a satirical tone to the sentimental novel through the heroine

Marianne’s experience. Different from the two kinds of popular novels, Austen’s works

depict the lives of country gentlemen and ladies which were familiar to Austen who

herself is one part of country ladies. What the characters in Austen’s books say, think,

and act are realistic under the social background and condition. Jane Austen is the first

novelist who depicts everyday lives of the common people, showing the possibilities of

the so-called “family literature”. She explores the process of young ladies’ finding

marriage mate, analyzing the nervous relationship of society and girls with

different characters, which keeps her works far from the literary traditions in 18th

and close to the modern realistic life. Indeed, Jane Austen, noting the changes

from an older society to a new era and analyzing the social culture in her novels,

is the most keen observer of the Regent Time（1810~1820）, which is not found

until the 20th. She has no ability to master the manly, strong, spirited topics,

which are full of variety and glow. Jane Austen, who is so wise to realize her own

unique talent in choosing topic and telling stories, once declared clearly that she

would never write legend and big events in her works. In fact, Jane Austen makes

up her mind to keep her own style in writing, walking on her familiar way of

creating. In her opinion, though she could fail in writing in her own way, it is

certain that she would break down if she changed her own style to copy other

people’s. The most common description of the writing styles of Jane Austen

comes from one of Austen’s own letters to her relative: working with so fine a

brush on the little bit of ivory of two inches wide. Jane Austen, as a female writer

herself, focuses on the life and future of the female sex, which is reflected in all

of her novels, including the unfinished ones. Ended with happy wedding, Austen’s

stories are about young ladies’ husband-hunting. Therefore, the topics and plots

could attract and influence young girls in our days, who also should find the

marriage mates for themselves, even without astute or silly mothers’ assistance.

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摘要：

摘要东西方的两部优秀现实主义文学作品《红楼梦》和《理智与情感》中塑造了两种不同类型的女主角：以薛宝钗和埃莉诺·达什伍德为代表的理智型女性以及以林黛玉和玛丽安·达什伍德为代表的情感型女性。作为同样优秀出色的女性，理智型与情感型在性格倾向，思维模式，人生道路，乃至对当时及未来社会的影响等方面却是截然不同的。而由于曹雪芹与简·奥斯丁在创作方面的现实主义，其作品《红楼梦》和《理智与情感》中虚拟的人物却具有强烈的现实性。这两类女性几乎可以涵盖现实中所有的女性类型，每一个女性都可以从中或多或少寻找到自己的影子，具有参考研究价值。比较分析这两部作品的女主角，用女性主义的观点来分析她们的本质，探索研究女性的发...

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