浙江产业转移的地区分布研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

在当前统筹区域发展的战略背景下，产业转移这一现象越来越多地受到学者们的广

泛关注。产业转移是指在市场经济条件下，某些产业或产业价值链中的某些环节从一个

地区转移到另一个地区的经济过程。产业的适时转移不仅有利于发达地区调整产业结

构，也为欠发达地区的经济发展创造了良好的契机。浙江作为对外投资大省，处于东部

高经济梯度地区，分析其产业转移是具有典型意义的。随着浙江对外投资进入一个加速

发展时期，产业结构的调整和升级将会推动新一轮的产业转移，这不仅对于浙江自身，

对于其他产业转移承接地，对于我国区域经济的协调发展，都将产生积极而深远的影响。

论文的主体部分首先按照若干指标对全国各地区的经济梯度进行了聚类分析，划分

为四个经济梯级地区；接着，依照这种梯度划分，描述了浙江产业转移的分布现状及其

空间表现形式，进而分析造成这种分布现状的原因；在此基础上将产业转移划分为个别

转移、规模转移和梯度推移三个阶段；而后是对产业转移后续进程的分析和预测，并结

合产业转移的三个阶段，指出了产业转移的区位分布趋向以及转移后相关产业的补充；

最后以安徽为例，对其承接浙江产业转移进行了实证分析，这是浙江产业转移地区分布

中的个案研究。

最后本文得出结论认为，产业转移将按照梯度分布的特点在全国展开，时间上从个

别转移到规模转移，直至梯度推移，空间形态上有渗透式、跳跃式、随机式，梯度表现

形式上从第一梯级地区到第二梯级地区，再依次过渡到第三、第四梯级地区。整个过程

中，浙江将引领这种梯度转移的浪潮，如“大雁西行”一般，从东到西，从高到低，逐

渐缓和经济梯度差距，带动区域经济的协调发展。而在近期看来，浙江向高经济梯度地

区进行的产业转移性质的投资将有所减少，而向周边低经济梯度地区积极实施劳动密集

型和资源密集型产业的转移，对于开拓广阔市场、利用廉价资源、提升浙江自身和产业

承接地的产业结构，将有着重要的现实意义。

从地区分布的层面对产业转移进行分析，并结合了将产业转移作为一种空间现象的

考虑，是一项新的尝试。理论方面，本文在分析浙江产业转移现状的基础上，提出产业

转移的三个阶段，即个别转移、规模转移和梯度推移，形象地描绘了浙江产业转移的态

势和进程，对于浙江后续的产业转移进程和区位选择有着一定的指导意义。研究方法上，

按照计量经济学中聚类分析的方法对全国的经济梯度重新进行划分，划分为四个梯级地

区，相比较以往东、中、西的划分而言，更加贴合现阶段的经济态势，也有利于对梯度

转移进行分析，对于本文分析产业转移的地区分布，也提供了一个有利的视角。

关键词：产业转移；经济梯度；产业梯度；地区分布

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

Under the strategic background of overall planning for regional development, the

economic phenomenon of industrial transfer has attracted the attention of more and more

scholars. Industrial transfer is an economic process where under the condition of market

economy, some industries or some segments of an industrial value chain transfers from one

area to another area. Timely industrial transfer is not only favorable to the industrial

adjustment in advanced area, but also creates good opportunity for the economic development

of developing areas. Zhejiang, as a province abundant at outward investment and located at

the area with higher economic gradient, it is of model significance to analyze the process of

industrial transfer in Zhejiang. With the ongoing increase of outward investment in Zhejiang,

adjustment and upgrade of industrial structure will push forward a new round of industrial

transfer, which will produce positive and far-reaching influence on not only Zhejiang itself,

but also on other areas where the industrial transfer is located, and on the harmonious

development of China regional economy.

First, it makes clustering analysis on the economic gradient of various areas in China

according to several measures, where four gradient areas are classified; after that, in

accordance with the classification, the distribution status and space form of Zhejiang

industrial transfer are described, and the reason of that is further analyzed; on the basis of the

aforesaid, the industrial transfer is classified into three stages, which are individual transfer,

scale transfer and gradient transfer; the content follows is the analysis and forecast of

subsequent process of industrial transfer; integrated with the three stages, the tendency of

regional distribution of industrial transfer is pointed out as well as the supplementation of

relevant industries after the transfer; later, the dissertation takes Anhui as an example, where

Zhejiang industrial transfer carried on by Anhui is analyzed empirically, which is a instance

among the regional distribution of Zhejiang industrial transfer.

In the end, the dissertation concludes that the industrial transfer will be promoted across

the country according to the gradient distribution, from individual transfer to scale transfer,

until gradient transfer, where Zhejiang will lead the wave of industrial transfer, just like a

goose flying to the west, gradually smoothening the economic gradient among areas and

driving the harmonious development of regional economy; whereas in the recent future,

Zhejiang should transfer its labor-intensified and resource-intensified industries to

neighboring provinces with lower economic gradient, which will be of great practical

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

significance for vast market exploration, cheap resource utilization and industrial structure

upgrading.

The analysis of industrial transfer at the level of regional distribution, integrated with the

fact that industrial transfer is a kind of space phenomenon, is in itself a new try. Theoretically,

on the basis of analyzing the status of Zhejiang industrial transfer, the dissertation defines

three stages of industrial transfer, namely individual transfer, scale transfer and gradient

transfer, vividly describing the state and process of Zhejiang industrial transfer, which plays

some guiding role in subsequent process and regional distribution of Zhejiang industrial

transfer. As for the research method, the national economic gradient is re-classified, using the

method of clustering analysis in econometrics, into four gradient areas, which more tallies

with current economic state compared with the classification of eastern, central and western,

and also benefits the analysis of gradient transfer, providing a favorable insight into the

regional distribution of industrial transfer.

Key words: industrial transfer; economic gradient; industrial gradient; regional

distribution

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第一章绪论 ······························································································································1

第一节研究背景与目的································································································· 1

第二节理论与现实意义································································································· 2

第三节研究思路与方法································································································· 4

第二章产业转移相关理论综述······························································································5

第一节产业转移的概念及相关界定 ············································································· 5

第二节产业转移与相关概念的区分 ············································································· 7

第三节国内外相关理论与研究综述 ············································································· 8

第三章浙江产业转移地区分布的现状················································································12

第一节我国地区经济梯度的划分 ··············································································· 12

第二节浙江产业转移的现状分析 ··············································································· 16

第三节浙江产业转移的空间形态 ··············································································· 23

第四章浙江产业转移地区分布的趋向················································································29

第一节浙江产业转移的动因与阻碍 ··········································································· 29

第二节产业转移地区分布的阶段 ··············································································· 31

第三节区位层面的产业转移趋向 ··············································································· 34

第四节转出区产业的升级与布局 ··············································································· 38

第五章浙江向安徽产业转移实证分析················································································41

第一节向安徽产业转移的条件··················································································· 41

第二节对安徽产业梯度的分析··················································································· 44

第三节向安徽产业转移的个案··················································································· 47

第六章结论 ····························································································································49

第一节本文的研究结论······························································································· 49

第二节创新之处与不足······························································································· 50

注释 ··········································································································································52

参考文献 ··································································································································53

附录 ··········································································································································55

后记 ··········································································································································55

致谢 ··········································································································································56

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第一章绪论

第一节研究背景与目的

所谓产业转移是指在市场经济条件下，某些产业或产业价值链中的某些环节从一个

地区转移到另一个地区的经济过程。它是经济发展过程中普遍存在的一种经济现象，是

在市场条件下综合了区域间的投资与贸易活动、具有时间和空间维度的动态过程，是区

域间产业分工形成的重要因素，也是转出地和承接地产业结构调整和产业升级的重要途

径。

一、研究背景

二战后，国际经济关系中的一个显著现象是一些产业的生产从部分发达国家转移到

一些发展中国家和地区进行，并且随着承接产业转移的发展中国家和地区的工业化进

程，部分产业再次转移到其它发展中国家和地区，由此形成了一个连绵的产业转移浪潮。

这一现象在战后亚太地区的经济发展过程中表现得尤为明显。20 世纪 60 年代，美国、

日本等发达国家进行产业结构调整，纺织工业、食品工业等劳动密集型产业逐步转移到

韩国、台湾、香港、新加坡等地。70 年代，发达国家的钢铁、造船、化工等资本密集

型产业也开始向外转移，这些国家和地区抓住了发达国家产业结构调整和产业转移带来

的契机，有效促进了区域经济的发展。

从中国来看，上个世纪 80 年代开始，沿海地区就承接了国外转移而来的劳动密集

型产业，实现了经济的迅速发展，形成了珠江三角洲和长江三角洲两大经济带。目前，

沿海发达地区已进入工业化后期，产业结构提升的要求日益增强，而中西部地区仍处在

工业化初期和中期，工业经济刚开始起飞。特别是沿海大城市在实现产业升级的过程中，

迫于土地、劳动力等要素成本上升的压力，很自然地要把以劳动密集型为主的加工工业

向内地转移、扩散，而且我国地域广阔，经过多年的非均衡发展，地区间已经存在较为

明显的经济梯度和产业梯度，伴随市场化进程的推进，国内区际间的产业转移也将迎来

高速增长期。我国工业化的区域“落差”所蕴藏的能量将加速释放，汇成一股产业梯度

转移的潮流。

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

二、研究目的

产业的国际转移可以为处于低经济梯度的发展中国家迅速提升经济梯度创造机会，

这已被拉美和东亚的历史经验所验证。不仅在国家之间，国家内部各区域之间也同样存

在产业转移。然而，对于中国这个经济梯度差别较大且具备二元结构的发展中大国而言，

产业转移有关理论的适用是有局限性的，而且目前大规模的产业转移并没有发生，因此

必须分析中国产业转移进程的阶段性和特殊性，本文将对此做出探讨。

本研究将通过对浙江产业转移分布现状的分析，得出当前产业转移的地区分布特

点，进一步指出其空间分布的阶段性，以及分布的未来趋向，其中以安徽承接浙江产业

转移为实证研究对象，视为产业转移初期的标志，预示着产业转移进程的加快，最终为

浙江后续的产业转移进程提供思路和指明方向，对于更好地理解产业转移的规律以指导

实践有着现实的意义。积极实施产业转移，有利于目前浙江产业结构的调整，缓解土地、

劳动力等要素成本上升的压力，也符合中央统筹区域发展与当前“跳出浙江，发展浙江”

的要求。

第二节理论与现实意义

随着以信息技术为典型特征的“第四产业”的诞生和国际产业分工的深化，我国东

部沿海经济发达地区一方面积极参与分工合作，承接发达国家的产业转移，一方面将处

于比较劣势的产业向中西部欠发达地区转移，并且这种趋势已经初现端倪。研究我国地

区产业转移的现象和机理，既具有理论意义上的前瞻性，也具有实践意义上的指导性。

一、理论意义

（一）从区际的角度对有关产业转移分布及趋势的研究进行拓展

从国际上来看，大多数论作所涉及的产业转移，主要是指国际间的产业转移，如小

岛清的“边际产业扩张论”（1978），弗农的“产品生命周期论”（1966）；而国内对于地

区间的产业转移虽有所涉及，如陈计旺（1999），聂华林（2000），陈红儿（2002），曹

荣庆（2002）等，但这些研究主要沿用了国际产业转移的理论框架，缺乏对国内区际产

业转移的特性分析。所以，选定相应的区域，就现阶段区际产业转移的空间分布及趋势

进行理论及实证研究是必要的。

（二）以空间分布的视角探讨产业转移，弥补经济层面研究的局限

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要在当前统筹区域发展的战略背景下，产业转移这一现象越来越多地受到学者们的广泛关注。产业转移是指在市场经济条件下，某些产业或产业价值链中的某些环节从一个地区转移到另一个地区的经济过程。产业的适时转移不仅有利于发达地区调整产业结构，也为欠发达地区的经济发展创造了良好的契机。浙江作为对外投资大省，处于东部高经济梯度地区，分析其产业转移是具有典型意义的。随着浙江对外投资进入一个加速发展时期，产业结构的调整和升级将会推动新一轮的产业转移，这不仅对于浙江自身，对于其他产业转移承接地，对于我国区域经济的协调发展，都将产生积极而深远的影响。论文的主体部分首先按照若干指标对全国各地区...

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