农户尺度下农地利用变化的——以浙江省龙游县为例

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

政治经济学创始人威廉·配第（William Petty）有句名言：“土地是财富之母，

劳动是财富之父。”土地是人类生存、生产和繁衍的物质基础，在土地、资本、劳

动力和科学技术这四大生产要素中，土地无疑是最最重要的。皮之不存，毛将焉

附？没有土地，资本、劳动力、科学技术将失去立足之地，创造财富也将无从谈

起。然而随着社会经济的不断发展，人类对土地资源尤其是农地资源的强取豪夺，

导致农地利用范围逐步扩大、农地利用方式不断变化以及农地集约程度和强度显

著提高，这不但造成农地质量下降、生态环境恶化、自然灾害频发、生物多样性

锐减等严重后果，也严重影响了一个国家和地区经济、社会的可持续发展。在这

严峻的形势下，土地利用/土地覆被变化（LUCC）的研究迅速升温，对农业用地

利用变化的研究也逐渐兴起。

土地利用变化研究的核心是驱动力研究，目前学术界主要从宏观角度对其进

行研究，微观角度的土地利用变化的驱动力研究则相对匮乏，而从农户这一微观

行为主体的角度进行土地利用变化的驱动力研究更是稀少。农户是我国土地的承

包者和经营者，他们的决策行为对一个地区的农地利用具有决定性的影响，因此

在农户尺度下分析农地利用变化的驱动机制是非常有必要的。

本文前半部分从微观角度——在农户尺度下分析农地利用变化的驱动机制，

以浙江省龙游县为研究区域，采用抽样问卷调查法获取样本地区农户家庭以及农

地利用的基本情况。其主要研究结论如下：

（1）样本农户的家庭基本情况：研究区域以男性中壮年为户主、人口规模 3～

4 人、生产经营以农业为主的家庭居多；农户家庭中农业劳动力以初中学历为主，

文化程度普遍不高；家庭所拥有的农地资源比较匮乏，地块数目众多而且位置分

散，土地细碎化问题严重；家庭的总收入水平普遍不高，农业收入不是家庭总收

入的主要来源；家庭的总支出水平普遍较高，从事农业生产的成本比较高。

（2）样本农户农地利用的主要特征：农地流转已初具规模，农地转入是其主

要形式；农户以外出打工作为收入的主要来源，经营农业的积极性不高；农地经

营规模小而分散，组织化程度严重不足；农地利用结构以传统粮食作物为主，经

营农地的主要目的是满足自我需求；农地抛荒行为严重，主要原因是经营农业的

经济效益低下；农户重视对新品种和新技术的使用，但相关技术培训落后。

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

本文后半部分在调研所获相关数据的基础上，运用多元线性回归模型对样本

农户的农地利用变化驱动机制进行实证分析，得出对样本地区农地利用变化造成

影响的主要驱动因素，并根据结论提出合适的政策建议。其主要研究结论如下：

（1）在各个驱动因素中，农田水利设施、拥有的农地总面积、农业收入占家

庭总收入的比重、家庭中有重病患者或大学生、自我消费需要、政府的相关政策

和农户家庭总收入这七个变量对样本地区农地利用规模的变化产生影响；而气候

条件、农业劳动力的最高文化程度、农业收入占家庭总收入的比重、农户拥有的

农地总面积以及自我消费需要这五个变量对样本地区农地利用结构的变化产生影

响。其余变量虽然未能通过模型的显著性检验，但这并不能说明这些因素不会引

起样本地区的农地利用变化，这需要进一步的研究。

（2）针对结论提出相应的政策建议：重视农业基础设施建设，改革和创新相

关供给方式；加大政府支农惠农力度，减少农业经营成本；继续加强农地流转，

促进农地高效利用；建立农民培训体系，提高农民科学文化素质；完善农地产权

制度，明晰土地产权关系。

关键词：农户；农地利用；土地利用变化；驱动力

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

The founder of political economics, William Petty has a famous saying, “Land is

the mother of wealth; while labor is the father” Land is the foundation for human

existence, production and multiplication, which possesses an absolutely outstanding

place among the four essential productive factors--- land, capital, labor forces and

scientific technology. Just as an ancient Chinese saying goes, “No water, no fish”. Here

the author holds that without land, capital and labor forces as well as scientific

technology will have no place to put their feet on, let alone creating wealth. However,

with the development of social economy, human beings begin to grab and keep land

resources especially farming land by force, which leads to a wider range of land use, a

change in land use pattern and an evidently intensified land use degree. All the above

changes bring significant aftermath such as the degradation of the quality of the land,

the deterioration of ecological environment, the continual occurrence of natural

disasters, the declination of Biodiversity and so on; also they exert a serious effect on

the sustainable development of the society and economy for a region or country. Under

such grave circumstances, people immediately pay much more attention to Land Use

Change/Cover Change (LUCC), and the study on Farmland Use Change spring up

gradually.

The core of the study on land use change is the research on driving force, which at

present is mainly conducted from the macroscopic angle in the academic circle. In

contrast, the study on the driving force of land use change from the microscopic angle is

relatively deficient, and that from the farmer’s angle, the microscopic behavior agent, is

rather scarce. The farmers are contractors and operators of the land in our country,

whose policy-making behavior has a decisive influence on an area’s farmland use.

Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to analyze the driving mechanism of farmland use

change from Farmer Household.

The first half part of the paper is presented from a microscopic angle, which is to

analyze the driving mechanism of farmland use change from Farmer Household, taking

Longyou County in Zhejiang Province as the research target. Sample questionnaires are

adopted to get the basic information of the families of

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

farmers and the use of the land within the research area. The major conclusions of the

research are as follows:

(1) the basic information of the sample farmers: the heads of those households in

the research area are mainly men of middle age with a population scale of 3 to 4 persons,

mostly living on agriculture; the labors of those households have received only junior

school education, not very well educated; the land sources that owned by those

households are deficient, lots of which are highly scattered, intensifying the degree of

the fragmentation of the land; it is common that the gross income of those households is

low, and the income from the agriculture is not the main source; the total expenditure of

the family is comparatively high, and the cost for pursuing the agricultural production is

comparatively high.

(2) The main characteristics of the sample farmers’ land use are as follows: the

main form of farmland circulation, which has begun to take shape, is the farmland

inflow; the farmer households take the outside job earning as their main income, which

therefore affects the initiatives to the farming; the management scale of farming is small

and scattered, with seriously low levels of organization; the traditional grain crop is the

main structure of farmland use and to satisfy self-consumer demand is the main

objective of the farmland management; the behavior like farmland discontinuance,

which is caused by low economic benefits, is serious; the farmers’ appreciations toward

new species and new technique are hindered by the shortage of technique trainings.

The later part of this paper, based on the data of agricultural land use through the

questionnaire samples, positively analyzes the mechanism of agricultural land use

change by the model of multiple linear regression analysis, and obtains the main driving

factors which impact agricultural land use change in the sample area, and puts forward

appropriate policy proposal according to the conclusion. The main conclusions are

drawn as follows:

(1) Among all the driving forces, the following seven variants exert influences on

the scale of the agricultural land. They are agricultural and irrigation facilities, the total

agricultural area, the ratio of agricultural income to family income, family members

who are in college for study or physically challenged, self-consumption needs,

government’s related policies and the total family income. While climate condition, the

education level of agricultural labor force, the ratio

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要政治经济学创始人威廉·配第（WilliamPetty）有句名言：“土地是财富之母，劳动是财富之父。”土地是人类生存、生产和繁衍的物质基础，在土地、资本、劳动力和科学技术这四大生产要素中，土地无疑是最最重要的。皮之不存，毛将焉附？没有土地，资本、劳动力、科学技术将失去立足之地，创造财富也将无从谈起。然而随着社会经济的不断发展，人类对土地资源尤其是农地资源的强取豪夺，导致农地利用范围逐步扩大、农地利用方式不断变化以及农地集约程度和强度显著提高，这不但造成农地质量下降、生态环境恶化、自然灾害频发、生物多样性锐减等严重后果，也严重影响了一个国家和地区经济、社会的可持续发展...

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