社会资本对初次创业决策可行性感知的影响研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

已有研究表明，创业决策可行性感知是创业行为实施的关键。目前学术界关

于创业决策的研究有限，且多聚焦于个性特质和宏观环境视角，缺乏对社会资本

这一影响因素的详细阐述，因此有必要深入探讨社会资本在创业决策中的作用，

分析社会资本对创业决策可行性感知的影响机理。为此，本研究以创业者个体为

研究对象，选择初次创业情境，详细分析了社会资本对创业决策可行性感知的直

接和间接影响，检验了创业自我效能感的中介作用，构建了基于社会资本和认知

视角的创业决策过程模型。

研究主要采用了文献研究、访谈和问卷调查三种方法。首先，通过文献研究

得出，个体的社会资本主要包括结构和关系两个层次及网络规模、网络差异、网

络质量、网络成分、网络强度和人际信任六个维度；创业自我效能感包含机会识

别、关系协调、风险容忍和创业领导四个维度；创业决策为意向性决策，采用创

业决策可行性感知来反映；在此基础上提出研究的理论模型。其次，针对理论模

型的相关问题，对创业者进行半结构式访谈，根据访谈的结果对模型进行初步完

善，之后进行大规模的问卷调查。然后，运用因子分析、相关与回归分析等方法

处理数据，验证理论模型及研究假设，同时运用 T 检验和方差分析的方法检验了

人口统计特征对各研究变量的影响。主要结论如下：

第一，在初次创业决策过程中，社会资本显著正向影响创业决策可行性感知。

其中，社会网络规模、网络成分、网络强度和人际信任对创业决策可行性感知有

积极显著的影响。

第二，在初次创业决策过程中，社会资本显著正向影响创业自我效能感。网

络规模、网络成分和人际信任对机会识别效能和创业领导效能有积极显著的影响；

网络规模、网络强度和网络成分对关系协调效能有积极显著影响；网络质量、网

络成分和人际信任对风险容忍效能有积极显著影响。

第三，在初次创业决策过程中，创业自我效能感对创业决策可行性感知有积

极显著的影响。其中，创业领导效能的影响作用最大，关系协调效能的影响作用

不显著。

第四，创业自我效能感在社会资本与创业决策可行性感知关系之间存在中介

作用。创业自我效能感在人际信任与创业决策可行性感知之间起完全中介作用，

在网络规模、网络成分与创业决策可行性感知之间起部分中介作用。四种具体效

能感的中介作用不同，关系协调效能的中介作用不存在。

根据以上研究结果进行讨论，针对创业管理问题，对创业者或者潜在创业者、

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

政府和高校等相关机构提出如下建议：首先，创业者或潜在创业者（即有创业想

法尚未实践的人）必须拓宽交际圈，积极与相关行业的创业者或者其他成员交流，

积累丰富的社会资本，深刻剖析并锻炼自身的创业能力和技能，增强从事创业活

动的信心，保证创业的可行性，避免创业决策的盲目性。其次，政府或相关创业

管理机构应出台系列政策和措施，搭建创业联盟、创业者俱乐部、创业者管理协

会等实体创业交流平台，使创业者积累更多的社会资本，促进创业实践。再者，

高校及其他创业教育机构应设置具体的创业教育和创业培训课程，培养受教育者

的各项创业能力和技能，增强其创业自我效能感，并引导有创业想法的人积累有

价值的社会资本，促进他们成功做出创业决策，将创意变为现实。

关键词：社会资本；创业；创业决策；可行性感知；创业自我效能感

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

It has been shown that perceived feasibility of entrepreneurship decision is the key

to entrepreneurial activities, but academic research on entrepreneurial decision is

limited, and more focused on personality traits and macro environmental perspective,

the lack of a detailed description of social capital perspective. It is necessary to further

explore the role of social capital in entrepreneurial decision-making and analyses

mechanism of social capital on perceived feasibility of entrepreneurial decision.

Therefore, this study, choosing the individual entrepreneur as the research object,

explores in depth the direct and indirect effects mechanism of social capital on

feasibility perceived of entrepreneurial decision on the initial entrepreneurial context,

testing the intermediary role of self-efficacy. Based on social capital and cognitive

perspective, an entrepreneurial decision-making process model was constructed.

This study mainly applies three methods: the literature research, depth interviews

and questionnaires survey. It was divided into three steps. First, by literature research

and interviews, the author obtained that the individual's social capital includes two

levels (the structure and the relationship) and six dimensions (network size, network

differences, network quality, network components, network strength and interpersonal

trust), and that entrepreneurial self-efficacy includes four dimensions of opportunity

identification, relationships coordination, risk tolerance and the business leadership

under the Chinese culture. Entrepreneurial decision making for the intention is reflected

by perceived feasibility of entrepreneurship. On the basis of the views above, the

theoretical model is proposed. Second, based on the results of semi-structured

interviews for entrepreneurs, theoretical models and the related issues are preliminary

improved and large-scale surveys are carried on. Then, this study deals with the data

collected by factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis and other methods to

verify theoretical models and hypotheses, while making the use of T tests and ANOVA

tests to verify the influence of demographic variables and basic information of

entrepreneurship on the study variables. The main conclusions are as follows.窗体顶端

(1) In initial entrepreneurial decision-making process, social capital has significant

and positive effects on perceived feasibility of entrepreneurship decision. Social

network size, network composition, network strength and interpersonal trust have a

positive significant effect on feasibility perceived of entrepreneurship decision.

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

(2)In initial entrepreneurial decision-making process, social capital positively

affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Network size, network components and

interpersonal trust have the positive and significant effects on identifying opportunities

and business leadership self-efficacy. Network size, network strength and network

components have the positive significant effect on coordination self-efficacy. Network

quality, network components and interpersonal trust have positive and significant effect

on risk tolerance self-efficacy.

(3)Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on the

perceived feasibility of entrepreneurship decision. Self-efficacy of business leadership

makes the largest contribution, and self-efficacy of coordination did not affect the

perceived feasibility.

(4)Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has the intermediary role between social capital and

feasibility perceived of entrepreneurship decision. The relationship between

interpersonal trusts and feasibility perceived is fully mediated by entrepreneurial

self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a partial mediator between the network

size, network components and feasibility perceived. The roles of four specific

self-efficacies between each dimension of social capital and feasibility perceived of

entrepreneurial decision are different, and the mediating effect of coordination

self-efficacy does not exist.

Based on these results, for the entrepreneurs or potential entrepreneurs, government

and universities and other relevant agencies, the following recommendations are

proposed. First, entrepreneurs or potential entrepreneurs should expand the social scene

and accumulate a wealth of social capital. They also should make profound analysis and

exercise their entrepreneurial abilities and skills in order to enhance entrepreneurial

confidence and ensure entrepreneurial feasibility, avoiding blindness of entrepreneurial

decision-making. Second, the government or related business administrations should

draft series of policies and measures and build platform entrepreneurs, to make them

accumulate more social capital and promote entrepreneurial practices. Furthermore,

universities and other educational institutions should set specific entrepreneurship

education and programs and train entrepreneurial skills to enhance entrepreneurial

self-efficacy of students and lead business-minded students to accumulate valuable

social capital, which will promote them turn the entrepreneurial ideas into reality.

Key words：Social Capital；Entrepreneurship；Entrepreneurial Decision；Feasibility

Perceived；Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第一章绪论 .................................................................................................................... 1

第一节研究的背景、目的和意义 ............................................................................. 1

第二节研究的内容、范围与方法 ............................................................................. 2

第三节研究的流程与框架 ......................................................................................... 3

第四节研究的创新点 ................................................................................................. 4

第二章文献综述 ............................................................................................................ 5

第一节相关理论综述 ................................................................................................. 5

第二节创业及创业决策研究综述 ............................................................................. 8

第三节社会资本研究综述 ....................................................................................... 14

第四节创业自我效能感研究综述 ........................................................................... 18

第五节文献综述小结 ............................................................................................... 20

第三章社会资本影响创业决策可行性感知的模型构建.......................................... 21

第一节影响路径分析 ............................................................................................... 21

第二节研究模型构建与访谈检验 ........................................................................... 22

第三节研究假设 ....................................................................................................... 26

第四章问卷设计与数据收集...................................................................................... 30

第一节研究变量测量 ............................................................................................... 30

第二节问卷设计 ....................................................................................................... 33

第三节数据收集 ....................................................................................................... 34

第五章数据处理与结果分析...................................................................................... 36

第一节描述统计 ....................................................................................................... 36

第二节效度分析 ....................................................................................................... 38

第三节信度分析 ....................................................................................................... 43

第四节研究变量的相关与回归分析 ....................................................................... 44

第五节创业自我效能感的中介作用分析 ............................................................... 50

第六节人口统计特征与研究变量的关系分析 ....................................................... 55

第七节研究结果汇总 ............................................................................................... 60

第六章研究结果讨论与结论...................................................................................... 61

第一节研究变量之间的关系讨论 ........................................................................... 61

第二节人口统计变量的差异性讨论 ....................................................................... 63

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第三节研究结论 ....................................................................................................... 64

第七章研究总结 .......................................................................................................... 66

第一节理论价值与管理启示 ................................................................................... 66

第二节研究局限与展望 ........................................................................................... 68

参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 69

附录一 ............................................................................................................................ 77

附录二 ............................................................................................................................ 79

附录三 ............................................................................................................................ 80

致谢.............................................................................................................................. 81

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要已有研究表明，创业决策可行性感知是创业行为实施的关键。目前学术界关于创业决策的研究有限，且多聚焦于个性特质和宏观环境视角，缺乏对社会资本这一影响因素的详细阐述，因此有必要深入探讨社会资本在创业决策中的作用，分析社会资本对创业决策可行性感知的影响机理。为此，本研究以创业者个体为研究对象，选择初次创业情境，详细分析了社会资本对创业决策可行性感知的直接和间接影响，检验了创业自我效能感的中介作用，构建了基于社会资本和认知视角的创业决策过程模型。研究主要采用了文献研究、访谈和问卷调查三种方法。首先，通过文献研究得出，个体的社会资本主要包括结构和关系两个层次及网络规模、网络差...

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