我国生态治理中自愿性环境政策工具的运用研究——以浙江省为例

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3.0 李佳 2024-09-20 4 4 601.56KB 63 页 150积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
摘 要
环境政策工具是为解决生态环境问题,以实现人与自然的可持续发展为目
标,人们所采取的各种手段和机制选择组合的行为。随着生态问题的日益严峻,
人们对于环境政策工具的关注程度也越来越高。我国政府高度重视生态问题,
计和运用了多种类型的环境政策工具以实现生态环境的优化。结合我国生态治理
的实践,我国现行的环境政策工具主要分为强制性、混合性和自愿性三类,各种
环境政策工具均在一定程度上发挥着作用。强制性和混合性环境政策工具在我国
的运用已经比较系统,而自愿性环境政策工具的运用还处于起步阶段,运用情况
并不是很系统,各主体的作用发挥也不充分,所以对于自愿性环境政策的研究具
有重要的理论意义和现实的必要性。所谓自愿性环境政策工具是指一种社会各种
治理主体在生态环境治理过程中不受或者很少受政府的影响,以实现人与自然的
可持续发展为目标,人们所采取的各种手段和机制选择组合的行为,是生态保护
的政策目标在自愿的基础上完成的新型政策工具。本文主要分为五部分:第一部
分为绪论,主要介绍选题的缘起及背景,国内外研究现状以及本文研究的基本思
路、研究方法以及创新之处。第二部分为环境政策类型及功能分析。这一部分从
环境政策的定义和分类入手,通过对强制性、混合性和自愿性三类环境政策工具
进行比较研究,找出自愿性环境政策工具在我国生态治理的运用中功能和存在的
问题。第三部分是自愿性环境政策在我国生态治理中的可行性分析,侧重于理论
分析。第四部分是自愿性环境政策工具运用的个案分析,这一部分是以浙江“生
态省”建设为例的,侧重实践分析。第五部分是自愿性环境政策工具在我国运用
的路径选择。主要从政府、企业、非营利组织、社区及公民等角度进行分析,
出自愿性政策工具在我国运用的可行之路。
通过对三种环境政策工具进行比较分析,本文认为自愿性环境政策工具使企
业为政府分担了更多的社会责任,更多地调动了企业和社会的积极性。主要在以
下几个方面实现了突破:治理理念从被动到主动;治理的基础从政企对立到政企
合作; 治理主体从一元到多元;治理的聚焦点从末端到全过程;治理的范围从
局部到整体。环境政策工具在我国运用的实践中还存在较多的问题主要表现在:
自愿性环境政策工具的作用范围小;主体发挥作用不充分;运用体系不健全。
自愿性环境政策工具在我国运用的理论和实践分析证明其在我国生态治理
中具有可行性,本文提出自愿性环境政策工具在我国运用的总体思路,构建出自
愿性环境政策工具运用体系。不同领域的各种主体具体举措主要包括:政治领域
的政府应强化在自愿性环境政策中的责任,政府责任主要体现在对公民自愿性环
I
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
保意识的引导、对相关认证制度以及环保基础设施的完善,以及对环保科技创新
和政府自身环保的重视。经济领域的企业应充分发挥自身环保作用,构建以自愿
环保行为的为核心,以环保技术研发为基础的新型企业环保文化。社会领域的非
营利组织应明确组织定位、加强组织建设,不断拓展环保途径;社区和公民应充
分挖掘自身环保潜力,重视社区责任和公民参与。
我国自愿性环境政策工具的研究相对比较薄弱,缺乏系统的研究,本文选取
自愿性环境政策工具为研究内容,主要对三种环境政策工具进行比较分析,找出
自愿性环境政策工具的特点和在实际运用中存在的不足,在理论和实践的可行性
分析的基础之上,得出在我国生态治理的实践中自愿性环境政策工具各个主体的
发挥不同作用的政策工具运用体系是本文的创新之处。
关键词:生态治理;环境政策;政策工具;自愿性环境政策工具
II
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
ABSTRACT
Environmental policy instruments are people’s selections of various means and
the behavior that the combination of mechanisms selecting, so that we can settle
environmental problems and achieve the goal that the sustainable development of
human being and nature. With the increasing emerges of the environmental problems,
we have paid more and more attention to environmental policy instruments. To be
aimed at the current deteriorated situation, the government has designed and
implemented different kind of environmental policy instruments to optimize to
achieve the ecological environment. Based on the practice of ecological management,
there are three kinds of environmental policy instruments: the mandatory, the mixed
and the voluntary; every kind of environmental policy instruments play a role in our
country’s ecological management. In our country, we can implement mandatory and
mixed environmental policy instruments systematically, but voluntary environmental
policy instruments cannot be. So it is necessary to research the voluntary
environmental policy instruments. The voluntary environmental policy instruments
means during the process of governance in the ecological environment ,we seldom
affected by the government, in order to achieve the goal that people and nature get
sustainable development. This paper will be analyzed through five departments. As
for the introduction part, we explain the paper from research background, research
significance and the current research situation, framework and methods and so on.
The second part by comparing the mandatory, mixed and voluntary environmental
policy instruments, find out the functions and problems of voluntary environmental
policy instruments in ecological management. The third part is the feasibility analysis
of voluntary environmental policy instruments application in our country’s ecological
management. The forth part is a case analysis of Zhejiang ecological development.
The fifth part we find the way of environmental policy instruments’ application in our
country’s ecological management.
Through the analysis we find the voluntary environmental policy instruments, to
some extent, have achieved a breakthrough in terms of the governance ideas,
foundations, subject, focus points and scopes, which actually provides a new way for
China's ecological management. There are three problems of voluntary environmental
policy instruments application in our country: application’s scope narrow; main
subjects’ function isn’t adequately; use system isn’t sound.
III
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
Voluntary environmental policy instruments’ analysis in theory and practice
proves its feasibility, and then we put forward the overall thinking and construct
voluntary environmental policy instruments use system. The government should
strengthen the responsibility in voluntary environmental policyenterprises should
give full play to their roles in environmental protection and construction of voluntary
behavior for the core, with environmental protection technology foundation for new
enterprise environmental culture non-profit organizations should be clear
organizational positioning, strengthening organization construction, expanding
environmental protection way; community and citizens should fully excavate own
protection, paying attention to the community responsibility and potential citizen
participation
Our country’s voluntary environmental policy instruments research relatively
weak, this paper selects the voluntary environmental policy instruments for research
contents. By comparing the mandatory, mixed and voluntary environmental policy
instruments, find out the advantage of voluntary environmental policy instruments;
this papers innovation is voluntary environmental policy instruments use system’s
construct.
Keywords: ecological management; environmental policy; policy instruments;
voluntary environmental policy instruments
IV
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文摘要环境政策工具是为解决生态环境问题,以实现人与自然的可持续发展为目标,人们所采取的各种手段和机制选择组合的行为。随着生态问题的日益严峻,人们对于环境政策工具的关注程度也越来越高。我国政府高度重视生态问题,设计和运用了多种类型的环境政策工具以实现生态环境的优化。结合我国生态治理的实践,我国现行的环境政策工具主要分为强制性、混合性和自愿性三类,各种环境政策工具均在一定程度上发挥着作用。强制性和混合性环境政策工具在我国的运用已经比较系统,而自愿性环境政策工具的运用还处于起步阶段,运用情况并不是很系统,各主体的作用发挥也不充分,所以对于自愿性环境政策的研究具有重要的理论意义和...

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作者:李佳 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:63 页 大小:601.56KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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