我国上市公司管理层持股与公司绩效实证研究-----基于竞争性行业

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3.0 李江 2024-09-25 4 4 905.7KB 70 页 150积分
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摘 要
根据现代激励理论,股权激励是一种有效的长期激励方式,是适合现代企业
长期发展的激励手段。现代公司制企业最显著的特征是公司所有权与经营权相分
离,由此产生了委托—代理关系矛盾。目前我国的很多企业处于现代企业制度建
设阶段,而激励机制是其中非常重要的内容,因此对股权激励机制效果的研究对
我国企业现代制度的建立具有重要的理论和现实意义。我国企业所处环境和性质
与国外不同,那么股权激励在我国发挥着如何的作用?本文将通过实证研究来说
明。
如何在竞争性市场中不断提高企业的生产和管理效率,降低代理成本,使企
业利润最大化或者所有者财富最大化,一直是公司治理结构中的一个核心议题。
多年来的公司治理实践表明,对管理层进行激励是提高公司绩效,实现公司长期
发展目标的有效措施。
本文的研究路径是:首先对管理层激励理论进行回顾;其次讨论管理层激励
的依据和及我国目前管理层股权激励现状;再次通过对业绩指标的选择,把我国
竞争性行业中上市公司分为国有和民营两组进行管理层激励问题的实证研究,
时探讨了最优的股权激励区间问题;最后根据理论和实证研究结果:认为国有企
业股权激励失败的原因是激励比例过低及管理层岗位竞争的市场化程度过低问
题,根据以上两点,提出了相应的措施。
我国上市公司管理层激励问题己为国内众多学者所研究,但研究结果并不一
致。本文在理论探讨和模型分析的基础上,对我国上市公司 2006 年度管理层激
励与经营绩效关系进行实证研究,得到的主要结论是:在竞争性行业中,国有上
市公司股权激励的效果不明显,而民营上市公司股权激励在总体上是显著的。
民营上市公司而言,激励效果并非线性的,管理层持股比例 0.01%以下,效果不
显著,持股比例在 0.01%8%之间效果显著,在 8%以上效果不显著。
本文实证研究具有较强的现实意义。我国上市公司尤其是大多数国有上市公
司经营绩效普遍不理想,上市公司管理层首当问责,其激励问题也令人深思。
文认为,目前中国上市公司中民营企业的管理层股权激励才具有效率,因为竞争
I
性行业中的民营企业其运行机制和外部环境已经与西方的自由市场经济的企业
接近,而就国有企业而言,其实行股权激励还存在很多问题,为提高股权激励的
效率,在同样的外部竞争性环境条件下,国有企业的股权激励可以参考民营企业
来进行。因此本文的结论可以为解决我国国有上市公司管理层激励问题提供理论
借鉴和实践参考。这对于优化我国上市公司治理结构,提高上市公司股东财富和
投资者回报,从而促进资本市场良性发展具有深远的现实意义。
关键词:股权激励;管理层;股权比例;经营绩效
II
ABSTRACT
According to the modern theory of incentives, equity incentive is an effective
long-term incentive approach and is suitable for long-term development of the
modern enterprise. A modern corporate system, the most significant enterprise
features is the company ownership separated from management power, which led to
the commission - Acting relations generated. At present China's many enterprises are
in the stage of building a modern enterprise system, and incentive mechanism is a
very important element, so the research on the effect of China's enterprises equity
incentive mechanisms has great theoretical and practical significance. Because the
nature of China's enterprises environment between foreign enterprises is different,
then what exert to play a role of the equity incentive mechanism? An Empirical Study
of this paper will answer this question.
How in competitive market constantly to improve their production and
management efficiency, to reduce agency costs to enable enterprises and owner to
maximize profit or wealth has been a core subject in the structure of corporate
governance. Years of corporate governance practice shows that the equity incentive is
an effective measure to Improve Corporate Performance and achieve long-term
development objectives of the company.
The research path of this paper is as follows : the party one reviews the theory of
management incentive; The second was followed by through the choice of
performance indicators, and the competitive industries in China's listed companies is
divided into two groups of state and private incentives for the management of the
Empirical Study, at the same time explore the optimal equity incentive interval; Then
According to the final results of theoretical and empirical studies, we find that the
failure of state-owned enterprises for equity incentive is the ratio of share and the
competitive market level of management positions is too low; Finally, according to
the above two points, this paper give the corresponding measures.
The problems for the management incentive in China's listed companies have
been studied by many scholars, but the findings do not unanimous. Based on the
theoretical study and the analysis of the model, on the basis of listed companies on
China's 2006 financial data, study the relationship between the equity ratio and
company performance. The main conclusions are the following: In competitive
industries, the incentive effects on state-owned shares of listed companies are not
obvious, but on private listed companies are notable overall. On the private listed
companies, incentive effects are non-linear. If the equity ratio is less then 0.01%, the
effects are not significant; The equity ratio is between 0.01% and 8%, the effects are
significant; notable results are not significant above 8% .
In this paper, empirical research has strong practical significance. China's listed
companies especially the majority of state-owned listed companies operating
performance generally not well, management should pay great responsibility, and
their incentives should also be worth considering. This article holds that China's
private listed companies in the management of equity incentive to be efficient,
III
because in competitive industries its operating mechanism and the external
environment have been with Western free market economy enterprises proximity. But
in the state-owned enterprises, implementing equity incentive still have many of the
problems, to improve the efficiency of equity in the same external competitive
environment conditions, the shares of state-owned enterprises can refer to private
enterprises to carry out. Therefore the conclusions of this paper can provide the theory
and practice reference for China's state-owned listed companies implementing equity
incentive. Above Findings for optimizing corporate governance structure of China's
listed companies, enhancing shareholder wealth, and promoting healthy development
of the capital market have far-reaching practical significance.
Key Words: Equity incentive; Management; Equity ratio; Operating performance
IV
目 录
1 章 绪论.........................................................1
1.1 研究背景与意义...............................................1
1.2 研究方法.....................................................3
1.3 研究内容与框架...............................................4
1.4 本文的创新之处...............................................4
2 章 文献综述....................................................6
2.1 股权激励的产生及发展.........................................6
2.2 国外相关研究概述.............................................6
2.3 国内相关研究概况............................................14
2.4 现有相关文献评述............................................16
3 章 股权激励的理论基础.........................................19
3.1 两权分离是股权激励的前提....................................19
3.2 人性论是股权激励的基石......................................19
3.3 高管人员股权激励制度对人行为形成影响的传导机制..............20
3.4 选择竞争性行业作为研究对象的基础............................21
4 章 管理层股权激励政策与企业经营绩效的实证分析..................22
4.1 国内上市公司高级管理层持股现状..............................22
4.2 管理层股权激励政策与企业经营绩效实证分析的方法设计..........22
4.3 回归变量的确定..............................................26
4.4 实证研究....................................................29
4.5 管理层持股比例最优区间的初步探讨............................39
4.6 本文实证分析综述............................................41
5 章 对我国实施股权激励机制的认识与建议..........................42
5.1 对国有上市公司股权激励弱效的原因分析........................42
5.2 完善我国上市公司高管人员股权激励制度设想....................44
6 章 总结与展望..................................................49
6.1 全文总结....................................................49
6.2 研究展望....................................................49
参考文献...........................................................51
附 录...........................................................55
致 谢...........................................................59
V
1
1.1 研究背景与意义
1.1.1 问题的提出
现代企业制度中最重要的特征是所有权和控制权的分离,由此引出了股东利
益与管理者利益不一致的问题。
股东的目标是实现资产的保值、增值,而经营者的目标则主要是自身效用最
大化。经营者可能会为了自身的利益而做出损害所有者和企业利益的行为,如偷
懒、搭便车、盲目投资、轻率决策以及过度在职消费、贪污腐败等,这些都加大
了代理成本,损害了股东的利益。因而,经营者的激励约束问题已经被高度重视。
随着企业公司制改革的深入,我国上市公司己开始探索用股权激励来激发高
层管理人员的积极性和创造性。目前,国内对股权激励存在两个问题的争论:1
股权激励机制在我国特殊的国情下是否有效,对此,国内学者的研究结果表明,
还存在很大分歧。2如果有效,那么是否管理层持股比例越多,公司业绩越好
呢?“壕沟效应”是否存在呢?是否存在一个最优的持股比例区间呢?对次,
须有一个明确的答案。本文试图对上述两个问题做出回答。
目前我国企业经营者的激励形式虽然是多样化的,如有月工资、奖金、年薪
制等,但它们都无法解决经营者的长期激励问题,无法克服委托—代理关系中固
有的利益冲突问题,而克服代理问题最直接有效的方法就是将经营者的利益与所
有者的利益协同起来,以达到激励相容。而股权激励是解决上述问题的一剂良药。
1.1.2 论文的研究背景
管理层激励是企业发展和公司治理中一个常论常新的焦点话题。
100 多年前的新古典经济理论将企业看作是一个生产函数,从投入、产出、
成本最小化等角度来分析企业利润最大化问题,强调规模收益对企业规模的决定
作用,企业被看作“黑匣子”其内部激励问题常常被忽略。1932 年柏利和米
恩斯(Berle and Means1932)提出企业“所有权和经营权相分离”的经典命题
1
摘要:

摘要根据现代激励理论,股权激励是一种有效的长期激励方式,是适合现代企业长期发展的激励手段。现代公司制企业最显著的特征是公司所有权与经营权相分离,由此产生了委托—代理关系矛盾。目前我国的很多企业处于现代企业制度建设阶段,而激励机制是其中非常重要的内容,因此对股权激励机制效果的研究对我国企业现代制度的建立具有重要的理论和现实意义。我国企业所处环境和性质与国外不同,那么股权激励在我国发挥着如何的作用?本文将通过实证研究来说明。如何在竞争性市场中不断提高企业的生产和管理效率,降低代理成本,使企业利润最大化或者所有者财富最大化,一直是公司治理结构中的一个核心议题。多年来的公司治理实践表明,对管理层进行激...

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作者:李江 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:70 页 大小:905.7KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-25

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